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Naturally Artificial Selection

Advances in Genetic Selection is a Controversial Approach to Survival of the Fittest

By Lisa Logan, published Nov 15, 2005

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Takeaways

Nature has substituted intellect for instinct in humans
Genetic manipulation can help the process of natural selection
Ethical considerations have sparked a fierce debate over genetic selection

Did You Know?

Humans lack much of the instinctive behaviors that help animals survive

Resources

Works Cited Alexander, R. McNeill. ; Optima for Animals. ; Revised ed. ; Princeton: Princeton U.P. 1996. ; Using mathematical algorithms, McNeill shows how evolution leans inevitably towards optimal solutions for survival in terms of physical structure, function, and behavior. Alpert, Bill. ; “Scary Statistics.” ; Barron’s 82 (2002): 32. ; ProQuest. ; Crafton Hills College Lib., Yucaipa, CA. ; 31 Oct. 2002 <proquest.umi.com/pqdweb>. ; Predictive medical tests can now screen an individual’s genetics for cancer and other ailments, often prompting those identified to undergo preventative surgeries and other pre-disease treatments. Dember, Alice. “In Vitro Seen a Success in Older Women.” The Boston Globe 13 Nov. 2002. 16 Nov. 2002 <www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/317/nation/in-vitr;. Information is given about the number of babies conceived by women 50 and over who have already experienced menopause. EnviroHealthAction. ; Physicians for Social Responsibility. ; 16 Nov. 2002 <www.envirohealthaction.org>. ; This site discusses the environmental impacts on genetic defects and statistics regarding their incidence. ; Genetic defects are deemed the number one cause of death among infants. Feldman, Robert S. ; Essentials of Understanding Psychology. ; 5th ed. ; Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. ; A comparison is made between the instinctive optimal eating habits in animals and humans’ nonexistent instincts, which can result in diet related birth defects and pathology. Gene-Cell. ; Gene Cell Incorporated. ; 16 Nov. 2002 <www.gene-cell.com/home.html>. ; “Genetically Selected Baby Free of Inherited Predisposition to Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease.” Journal of Medical Ethics Oct. 2002. 4 Nov. 2002 <www.proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?Did=0000002171996; Genetic manipulation was used to create a defect-free embryo for a 30-year-old woman with the gene for early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Hornblower, Margot. ; “Benevolent Bribery - or Racism?” Connections: Reading and Writing in Cultural Contexts. ; 3rd ed. ; Judith A. Stanford. ; Mountain View: Mayfield, 2001. ; “Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry.” The Atlantic Monthly Oct 2002. 4 Nov. 2002 <prquest.umi.com/pqdweb?Did=000000182294761>; This article addresses the ethical issues behind human cloning, including President Bush’s stand against it. “Lion.” ; Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. ; CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft Corp., 1999. ; The survival instincts found in lions is discussed, including mating habits in which only the fittest males are selected for reproduction. Liu, Peter M.D. "Choosing Your Baby's Sex." The London Gender Clinic. 13 Nov.2002. ; Descriptions of how a baby's sex can be selected before conception using various different methods and a few moral stand points on gender selection. It also gives success rate statistics. Malpani, Aniruddha, MD. and Anjali Malpani, MD. How to Have a Baby: Overcoming Infertility. Bombay, India: USB, 2000. 16 Nov. 2002. <www.fertilethoughts.net/infertility/main.html; The book explains the various methods to use for infertility when trying to conceive a baby. March of Dimes. ; 2002. ; March of Dimes. ; 16 Nov. 2002 <modimes.org>. ; This website includes a variety of information on the prevention of birth defects. MicroSort Technology. ; 2002. ; Genetics and IVF Institute. ; 6 Nov., 2002 <microsort.net/cbs.htm>. ; Scientists sort sperm and test for “purity” in order to eliminate genetic disorders among high risk couples wishing to conceive. National Birth Defects Prevention Network. ; 2002. ; National Birth Defects Prevention Network. ; 16 Nov. 2002 <www.bdpn.org>. ; This site features information on the NBDPN, an organization that engages in what they term “surveillance” of birth defects. The NBDPN pays two million dollars a year in grants to entities involved in eliminating genetic defects. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. ; 2002. National Center for Disease Control. ; 16 Nov. 2002 <cdc.giv/ncbddd/default.htm>. ; Information on a government agency involved in for research and reduction of genetic defects at birth. Project Prevention. ; 2002. ; Project Prevention. ; 6 Nov. 2002 <www.projectprevention.org>. ; An organization pays cash to drug addicts in exchange for using long term birth control or sterilization methods in order to prevent reproduction. Regaldo, Antonio. “Could Skin Cell Someday Replace Sperm or Egg.” ; Wall Street Journal 290.3 Oct. 2002. 4 Nov. 2002 <http:/www.proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?Did=000000212617761&g; This article discusses a procedure being developed to allow the DNA of a skin cell to fertilize an ovum. Scott, Richard Jr. and Pamela Madsen. “What Mother Didn’t Tell You About Fertility…Because Noone Told Her.” The Infertility Association (2002) 16 Nov. 2002. <www.americaninfertility.org/faqs/aia-whatmoth; The article explains many unknown facts regarding infertility. “Sea lion.” ; Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. ; CD-ROM. ; Redmond: Microsoft Corp., 1999. ; Seaman, Eric, MD. “A New Semen Analysis?” The Infertility Association (2002) 16 Nov. 2002. <http:/www.americaninfertility.org/male/eric-seaman-the-; The article talks about a new procedure to analyze the normality of semen in regards to fertility. Senay, Emily. "Choosing Your Baby's Gender.” Early Show. 13 Nov. 2002 . Article from CBS news on a little girl recently concieved by sperm separation. The pros and cons are discussed from both a doctor’s point of view and that of the little girl’s parents. “Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology - -United States, 1996 and 1998.” MMWR 51. 8 Feb. 2002. 97-101 16 Nov. 2002. ; <www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwr/html/mm510592ht; This report gives statistics on Assisted Reproductive Technologies and explains the reported data in 1996 and 1998. Wilson, David Sloan. ; The Natural Selection of Populations and Communities. ; Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings, 1980. ; The way in which animals behave towards each other helps push forward the evolutionary process.

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