What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?

There are many misconceptions concerning antisocial personality disorder that have been circulating amongst not only laypeople, but professionals as well. Often, the terms "sociopath" or "psychopath" come to mind, as this disorder is usually associated with criminals, dictators and other much-despised members of society. Individuals suffering from this disorder often encounter discrimination, even within the mental health network, as this disorder and its symptoms present many challenges for treatment.

Because this disorder is highly associated with deviance and criminal behaviour, I felt that the hard labeling theory (which will be discussed in detail) would be the best approach for analysis, as it deals with societal labeling that may exacerbate the symptoms of this disorder. I favour this particular theory because it emphasizes seeing deviance from the viewpoint of the "deviant" individual.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp. 649-650) describes antisocial personality disorder as a persistent pattern of disrespect for and violation of the rights of others, as indicated by three (or more) of the following: an inability to conform to social norms by engaging in unlawful behaviour; repeated lying for personal benefit or pleasure; impulsivity; extreme irritability and aggressiveness, shown by repeated physical fights or assaults; recklessness towards others and even oneself, especially repeated irresponsibility; and finally, a lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt someone else (Hare et al, 1991).