The Endocrine System and Hyperthyroidism

The endocrine system is a group of organs and tissues that are responsible for releasing hormones into the bloodstream that regulate growth, development, metabolism, and the function of many tissues. Some of the most prominent parts of the endocrine system are the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the thyroid gland and the parathyroid gland, the pancreas, and the ovaries and testes. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and controls many other glands in the body. It also releases endorphins, which are natural pain killers. The adrenal glands are found on top of the kidneys and produce adrenaline and norepinephrine, which help us cope in emergencies. The outer part of the adrenal glands secretes cortisone and hydrocortisone which help people deal with stress and the “maintenance of life.” The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped gland in the neck. This gland stimulates metabolism and increases oxygen consumption, which “regulate the growth and maturation of body tissues and affect physical and mental alertness.” The pancreas produces insulin (affects metabolism) and glucagon (raises blood sugar levels). It also releases digestive juices into the upper small intestine. The ovaries and testes, two reproductive organs, release estrogen and testosterone, respectively. The ovaries produce the eggs, and the testes produce sperm. Another hormone produced by the ovaries is progesterone, which regulates the uterine lining and maintains pregnancy.