The Irony of Socrates' The Apology

In the tradition of Western literature, few works have been given as much attention, analysis, and longevity of Socrates' "The Apology". One of the main reasons for this, it has been argued throughout the millennia since its writing, is due to the controversial nature of its author. Few would dispute this fact; as a historical figure, philosopher, author and social commentator, Socrates has been given immortality due to his prominence in all of these areas. Beyond this, yet equally important, is a central bit of irony upon which "The Apology" is based. In this paper, quotes from Socrates' work will be presented and commented upon to illustrate the ironic nature of both the work and the man behind it.

Presentation and Discussion of Socrates' Irony

The irony that forms the basis of "The Apology", and indeed set in motion the events leading to Socrates' forced suicide at the hands of the state, is his achievement of ultimate wisdom by realizing that in fact, he knows nothing (Reeve). This irony is shown early in the work when Socrates, discussing a politician who claimed to know everything, said 'Here is a man who is wiser than I am; but you said that I was the wisest.' (Lawall). As Socrates explores the nature of the accusations brought against him, he makes the point that in his search for truth, he finds himself, literally on trial for his life: 'This inquisition has led to my having many enemies of the worst and most dangerous kind' (Lawall).

In a move from the secular to the sacred so to speak, Socrates took on the very nature of religious faith, such as it was in his time when he said: "Can a man believe in spiritual and divine agencies, and not in spirits or demigods? He cannot" and termed the belief system of gods and goddesses as "the facetious riddle invented by you" (the authorities trying Socrates for his life) (Lawall).