Diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis in Children

Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited condition in which a defective gene disrupts the normal production of mucus, causing it to become thick and sticky. As the mucus cannot move properly, it begins to build up in the body and form obstructions in areas such as the lungs and pancreas. The result is often severe lung damage, digestive problems and malnutrition.

Cystic fibrosis is found in over 70,000 children and adults worldwide, with an additional 1,000 new cases being diagnosed each year in the United States alone. More than 70% of cystic fibrosis patients are diagnosed by age two, as there are several common signs and symptoms that are often displayed early in childhood.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis: Salty Sweat
One of the most common signs first noticed by parents is a strong taste of salt when kissing their child. This is due to the fact the defective gene involved with cystic fibrosis changes the way sodium chloride (salt) is moved in and out of cells. As a result, the body loses higher than normal amounts of salt as it sweats.

If a child becomes overly warm and produces a lot of sweat, parents may notice signs of salt loss, such as dehydration, weakness, or tiredness.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis: Breathing Difficulties
The genetic mutation in cystic fibrosis causes the normally thin and watery mucus in the body to become thick and sticky. As it builds up in the respiratory airways, breathing becomes more difficult. Parents may observe their child wheezing, acting short of breath, or coughing a lot. Thick sputum is sometimes brought up while coughing, though parents may not notice this in young children who have a tendency to swallow instead of spitting it out.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis: Frequent Respiratory Infections
People with cystic fibrosis are prone to frequent respiratory infections, as their blocked airways are prime breeding ground for bacteria. These respiratory infections take the form of sinus infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, or lung infections caused by unusual strains of bacteria.