What Are Phytonutrients?

The Linus Pauling Institute defines phytonutrients as, "chemicals produced by plants," but to a nutritionist, phytonutrients are any plant-based nutrients not otherwise defined as "essential". In other words, phytochemicals are plant-synthesized nutrients that aren't fats, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins or minerals. Lately, a growing library of research suggests that these often unfamiliar nutrients may have very real health benefits for people who consume them on a regular basis.

Here's a look at some of the most popular (and most researched) phytonutrients.

Phytonutrients in Garlic

While the research linking garlic to decreased risks of certain types of cancers has been controversial, there's no denying that garlic is an especially rich source of a group of phytonutrients known as organosulfur compounds. These phytonutrients have anti-inflammatory properties, display antioxidant activities and may help some some people reach and maintain healthy cholesterol levels. Additionally, the phytonutrients in garlic have antibacterial and antifungal properties.

What does all this mean? Emerging research suggests that regular consumption of raw garlic, and the phytonutrients it contains, may lower a person's risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer.

Flavonoids

This large group of phytonutrients includes isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavanols. Found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, these phytonutrients play a number of roles in the body, including decreasing inflammation, inhibiting tumor growth and natural detoxification.

Unfortunately, flavonoids are among the least bio-available phytonutrients. To fully exploit any potential health benefits, it is necessary to regularly consume flavonoid-rich foods.

Carotenoids

Carotenoids are the scientific name for the more than 600 red, orange and yellow pigments created by plants, algae and some bacteria. As you might expect, carotenoids are the chemicals that give many vegetables their distinctive, bright colors.