Explanation of Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract. The disease can affect any area of the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. The lower part of the small intestine, called the ileum, is most often affected.

Inflammatory bowel disease is the general name for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines. Crohn's disease if an inflammatory bowel disease. Crohns' disease can occur in people of all ages, but is more often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30.

There are many theories about the causes of Crohn's disease, none of which are proven. The human immune system is made from cells and different proteins that protect people from infection. It may be an immune response. There is some research that indicates that Crohn's may have a genetic link (ccfa.org).

Symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss, arthritis, skin problems and fever. The bleeding may be serious and persistent, leading to anemia. Children with Crohn's disease may suffer form delayed development and stunted growth.

A thorough physical exam and medical tests may be required to diagnose Crohn's disease. Medical tests may include: blood tests, stools samples, Upper GI series with barium and X-rays and visual exams such as sigmoidoscopty or colonoscopy and biopsy.

There are many possible complications of the disease. The most common complication of Crohns disease is blockage of the intestine as the disease thickens the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue. There may also be sores, ulcers, fistulas and fissures in the intestinal lining. Deficiencies of nutrients may occur due to intestinal loss of protein, poor absorption or malabsorption. Deficiencies of proteins, calories and vitamins are well documented. Additional complications include arthritis, skin problems, inflammation of the eyes or mouth, kidney stones, gallstones or diseases of the liver and biliary systems.