Global Warming's Impact on Plant and Animal Life

When most people hear the phrase 'global climate change,' they think of glaciers melting and ocean levels rising enough to cover the entire Florida peninsula. Because it is believed that most recent climate changes have been driven by man-made causes, climate change has unfortunately become a political issue. Now many people view climate change as if it were Santa Clause, either choosing to believe or not believe.

The fact is that surface temperatures on the earth have increased in recent years at a rate unprecedented in geologic time; and this rate of warming does not appear to be slowing, but in fact increasing. Whether or not these changes represent a permanent shift, or simply are part of natural fluctuations that can occur over geologic time is what most intelligent debates likely center around.

Many are familiar with side effects of global warming with regards to weather changes. Patterns of rainfall and drought will become more erratic and fluctuate more severely. There will be more catastrophic weather events, such as hurricanes and typhoons. But what do all these effects have on plants and animals?

Shifting range boundaries:
Many of the changes that will occur will be due to shifting range boundaries. Each species has a range of climatic variation it can tolerate. As cool climates move increasingly north, species that thrive in cool temperatures will also move north. If these species are not able to move or adapt to their new environment, the species can become extinct. At the poles, where sea-ice is becoming less common and more fragmented and northward movement is not possible, polar bears have suffered significant population declines and are less healthy than in previous decades.

This shift in cooler temperatures also occurs on an elevational gradient. As the earth warms, the cool air found on mountaintops will gradually get higher and higher on that mountain. Species will have to shift upwards in elevation in this case.