The History of Graduation Day, the Cap and the Gown Worn

The graduation ceremony is a cultural tradition that is considered a rite of passage. The ceremony marks a transition from one stage in a student's life to another. Arnold van Gennep coined the phrase "Rite of passage" in 1909 and he believed the rite of passage included the following three steps:

1.Separation from Society
2.Inculcation-transformation;
3.Return to Society in the new status.

So what is the history behind Graduation Ceremonies, Caps and Gowns?

The "Rite of Passage" Graduation Day

The Baccalaureate Ceremony is considered the beginning of "Rite of passage." Some schools include the Baccalaureate Ceremony with the actual Graduation Ceremony, while others celebrate the two in separate events altogether. For brevity purposes, I will explain the former.

The graduation commencement ceremonies usually begin with speeches from faculty or special speakers, which may include the actual students and music. Afterwards the graduates names are called one by one as "Pomp and Circumstance" is traditionally played. Not every ceremony follows this tradition.

"Pomp and Circumstance" was composed by Sir Edward Elgar (b. 6/2/1857 d. 2/26/1934). "Pomp and Circumstance" was first performed on October 19, 1901 in Liverpool, England. As the students commence onto the stage they are handed their diplomas and given a handshake. It is at that point the students flip the tassels on their hats.

The Baccalaureate Ceremony origin is said to go back to 1432. The first Baccalaureate Ceremony commenced at Oxford University. At that time each student was required to deliver a sermon in Latin as part of his academic applications.

Cap and Gown. What do they mean and where did they come from?