Today in History, August 30th

Every day is flush with history. August 30^th is certainly no exception.

30 BCE - The seventh queen of Egypt, Cleopatra, committed suicide

1146 - In an effort to end war for all time, leaders of Europe outlaw the crossbow

1563 - Neutitschlin Moravia, a Jewish community, is expelled

1645 - In New Amsterdam (New York), the Dutch and the Indians sign a peace treaty

1682 - William Penn sailed from England destined for the New World. He later founded Pennsylvania, the colony

1721 - The North Sea War is ended by the Peace of Nystad between the Russians and Swedish

1776 - The U.S. Army falls back to Manhattan after evacuating Long Island

1780 - Secretly, General Benedict Arnold promises the surrender of the West Point fort to the British army

1802 - The last publication of (then) New York's second largest newspaper, the "Daily Advertiser"

1843 - Blacks participate, for the first time, in a major political party (Liberty Party) convention

1850 - Honolulu becomes a city in Hawaii

1854 - John Fremont issues a proclamation that frees the slaves of Missouri rebels

1862 - The Confederates beat the Union forces in Tennessee in the Battle of Altamont; The Confederates beat the Union in the Second Battle of Bull Run; and the Confederate General Lee defeats Pope in the Battle of Second Manassas, or, Battle of Richmond, Kentucky

1884 - In the first fight with boxing gloves being used, Jack Dempsey wins middleweight title

1885 - In the span of one hour, 13,000 meteors are seen near Andromeda

1905 - Ty Cobb debuts with the Detroit Tigers

1914 - Two are killed when the first German plane bombs above Paris

1918 - After delivering a speech, Lenin, leader of Russia, is shot and wounded, and Czechoslovakia becomes and independent republic

1922 - For the fifth time in a year, Babe Ruth is thrown out of a game

1928 - In India, the Independence of India League was formed, and Jawaharlal Nehru requests freedom for India

1933 - The Air Force is established

1941 - Nazi troops seize Leningrad

1942 - Nazi-Germany annexes Luxembourg

1945 - The ninth symphony completed by Dmitri Shostakovitch

1951 - The United States sign a peace treaty with The Philippines