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Heart failure is diagnosed as a condition, when the
heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. Heart failure affects the left side, right side or both sides of the
heart (ventricle and atrium). Most cases of
heart failure occur on the left side of the heart, otherwise known as congestive
heart failure (CHF). Subsequently, blood does not empty out properly from the left ventricle, leading to increased pressure in the atria (upper chamber of the heart), and nearby veins (1 + 2). This triggers a blockage of fluid in the lungs, which interferes with breathing, causing shortness of breath, especially when a person is lying down. Also, swelling (edema) occurs in the ankles and legs or other parts of the
body (3). Besides, patients experience tiredness. Eventually, preventing the kidneys from functioning, attributing to retention of salt and water. In the United States, about five million people diagnosed with
heart failure, and 550,000
new cases each year, attributing to 300,000 deaths each year (1 + 2). In the United States, estimated annually
heart failure
care exceeds $28 billion, as a result of long hospitalization and high rate of readmissions (4). Most cases of congestive
heart failure common among elderly population or ten percent at
age seventy. Less common effects 40 and 59 (two percent) years old. Major reasons that contribute to
heart disease or congestive
heart failure include: Smoking, Diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, infection, toxic exposure (alcohol or cocaine), weakened
heart muscle, poor
diet and
high blood pressure (2, 5, 15). Chest x-ray can help diagnoses congestive
heart failure, identifying a buildup of fluid in the lungs and enlargement of the heart. Also, patients undergo an electrocardiogram or echocardiogram (ultrasound) detects any
heart problems (16).