Neanderthals: A Look at a Precursor to Modern Man

Neanderthals (also known as "Neandertals") were a species of hominid which inhabited Europe and parts of Asia around 350,000 years ago. They were first reportedly discovered in 1829 in Engis Belgium and further discoveries were made in 1848 at Forbes' Quarry, Gibralter and in 1856 at what is now known as "Neander Valley." After the discovery in August of 1856, a man named Charles Darwin published his book called "On the Origin of Species."

One specimen later called Neanderthal 1 was originally believed to be the remains of a bear. Only after being turned over to anatomist, Hermann Schaffhausen, did anyone realize what had been discovered. This is seen as the beginning of paleoanthropology. Since then, over 400 Neanderthals have been uncovered.

Though nothing is really known of Neanderthal's skin color, hair or features such as; the eyes and ears, many other things are known about their appearance. Neanderthals looked very much like modern day humans, with a few differences that stand out. Though they were about the same height as humans today; they were much broader and (scientists believe) much stronger. It is believed that their "robust stature" helped them adapt to the cold climate which resided in Europe during their time (known as the Pleistocene epoch). As said before, no one really knows much about Neanderthal's hair. However, there are some scientists who believe they were red headed.

Neanderthals had large fingers that were round in shape. Their rib cage was "barrel-shaped" and they also had larger kneecaps. Some other differences include their long collar bones, their think thigh bones which were "bow-legged", and also the fact that they had shorter shin and calf bones. A Neanderthals facial features included; a prominent brow ridge and a larger, broader nose.

Scientists believe that Neanderthal's nose was larger to cool them off. Because of the harsh cold conditions they lived in, a Neanderthal was bundled in heavy animal furs. If their clothing made them too warm they would sweat. Neanderthal's could not afford to sweat because it would freeze and lower their body temperature.