Dangers of Frostbite

Frostbite is an affliction of the skin that occurs in cold weather. There are a few other factors that contribute, though, so it is very important to dress appropriately when venturing into cold areas. Frostbite is often not taken as seriously as it should, and it even affects children faster than adults, as they lose heat from their skin more rapidly. Also, children tend to spend more time outside in freezing weather, so be sure to check on your children for any signs of frostbite while they're outside playing in the wintertime.

Frostbite occurs when low temperatures cause skin tissue to freeze. When the temperature drops, the blood vessels close to your skin constrict. This is a defense mechanism to keep the core of your body warm by preserving energy and warmth. The low temperatures and constricted blood flow, though, causes damage to the skin tissues.

The first signs of frostbite include skin discoloration, white, waxy color, and skin that feels numb or hard, followed soon by a tingling or burning sensation. Next would be pain, followed by gangrene (if the nerves and blood vessels are severely damaged) and the skin turning black in color as it is destroyed by frostbite.

Treatment of frostbite begins with lowering the temperature of the freezing areas, though it should only be done if the area will remain thawed. If the area freezes again, it can lead to even more damage to the tissue. Also, care must be taken to thaw or warm the areas slowly. In severe cases, if the area is thawed too quickly, the cold blood can stop the heart as it returns to the core of the body.

The frostbitten areas should be wrapped, but not rubbed or massaged, as this will cause more damage to the skin. Slapping the skin was done traditionally to start the flow of blood, but it can also cause more damage than assistance. The affected areas may also be placed in warm water until medical attention can be sought.

If serious frostbite occurs, amputation may be necessary.