How Giuliani Used Rhetoric to Engage his Audience in His Speech to the United Nations

September 11^th, 2001 was a tragic day for New York City, the United States of America, and all free nations of the world. The deliberate attack on freedom by terrorists inspired numerous reactions that manifested in diverse art forms. Some mourned the victims through poetry and songs while others called for action in the form of letters and speeches. One specific reaction was Rudy Giuliani's Speech to the United Nations General Assembly addressing the acts of terrorism. His speech incorporates specific techniques that can be deemed more effective in spoken rhetoric as opposed to written rhetoric. According to Carrol C. Arnold, spoken rhetoric involves engaging the audience "humanly, particularly, and interactively in a special kind of context, with unique commitments of the self..." (64). Giuliani's speech, though not always obvious, utilizes three rhetorical strategies that are especially effective in spoken rhetoric: ethos to establish "humanly" connections with the audience, repetition to emphasize "particular" points, and rhetorical questions to "interact" with the audience.