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Surrogate Mothering and Contract Pregnancies

A Look at the Bioethical Issues Surrounding Surrogacy

By Anne Ng, published Aug 29, 2006
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Reproductive technologies have advanced incredibly and imaginably into the realm of science fiction theories from, say, a relatively recent 50 years go. As seeing that the simplest of these technologies employed in contraception have already incited dubious controversies, more complex-and perhaps, morally shocking-methods stir an even greater slate of controversies and debates. The most outlandish of these issues could be the modern phenomenon of surrogate mothering and contract pregnancies-a rather resourceful and creative income generator for women who would prefer it over prostitution, and possibly an ingenious solution for infertile or non-traditional couples. Celebrities have done their part in helping surrogacy achieve a mystical notoriety-take Michael Jackson's "superkid" from nurse-cum-surrogate-mom Debbie Rowe and most recently, singer Melissa Etheridge, whose partner is expecting a baby with a nameless and faceless sperm donor. As with any novel technology, though, surrogacy can get quite dirty. It is wise to examine the multifaceted ethical questions and implications before subjecting into the temptation of power that science affords us to trick nature.

What is surrogacy? It is a process that involves a woman who is inseminated with a sperm, or possibly implanted with both an egg and sperm, of an individual or couple who has contracted her services. Her task is to carry the baby to term and upon delivery, she relinquishes all claim to the baby in exchange for a monetary compensation. This involves contracts and the requesting individual or couple usually provides allowances and health coverage for the surrogate mother during the period of gestation.

Selling Babies and Bodies

Takeaways
  • Surrogacy is a potential solution for infertile and gay couples.
  • Upon delivery, the surrogate mother relinquishes any claim to the child.
  • Some argue that surrogacy is exploitation, putting wombs up "for hire".
Did You Know?
Surrogate mothers in the US earn a median of US $20,000 for their services. By contrast, surrogate mothers in China charge an average of US $12,200 for their services
Resources
  • Recommended reading: Purdy, L.M. (1996). Reproducing Persons: Issues in Feminist Bioethics.
Comments
Comments 1 - 9 of 9
 
 
I am a man that was involved with a young woman for a period of five months, during this time she was was attempting to be a surrogate mother without my knowledge. The couple she is involved with had no idea about our relationship (they now do, but, she denies it). She is now pregnant. There is a overwhelming chance that the child she is carrying is mine. Yes, DNA tests will be performed after birth. My question is this; if this child is mine what chances do I have of obtaining custody?

Posted on 05/12/2007 at 5:05:00 PM

 
(continued) and her household income is well into the six figure range. I don't think anyone pulled the wool over her eyes. I suggest that Ms. Ng do some serious research next time she decides to prostitute her words for money.

Posted on 03/14/2007 at 1:03:00 PM

 
What a crock of ill-informed,totally biased CRAP!! Not only is this the most slanted piece of "journalism" I have ever had the displeasure to read, but it's full of inaccuracies and even more telling: terrible grammar AND the fact that "foetus" is in fact a word despite the "author's" use of the term (sic) after it in the quote she used. This is just ignorant. I especially love the intimation that Intended Mothers just can't be bothered being pregnant or carrying their own children. Did it ever occur to Ms. Ng that we CAN'T carry to term? Probably not. I personally have a severe uterine deformity which means that I can't carry a child to term. I have had seven miscarriages AND a baby who I carried for 32 weeks before he succumbed inside me. Think on that for a while, Ms. Ng, and see if you're so cavalier about judging others. I won't even dignify the comments about surrogates being poor or uneducated. My own surrogate, who is WONDERFUL, holds two degress in Chemistry

Posted on 03/14/2007 at 1:03:00 PM

 
Continued.. is not an organically neutral experience, but a time of bonding to the developing child. Not only are women separating personal responsibility from the ability to create life, and isolating their identities from their reproductive capacities, but surrogacy is turning a vice into a virtue. Detachment from the child the woman is carrying (and in many cases, a child to whom she has made a genetic contribution) would be discouraged in a normal pregnancy, but is encouraged in surrogacy. Further, women who would tend to attach to the child are screened out and disqualified from being surrogates. Should surrogacy be widely practiced, Daniel Callahan from the Hastings center described what one of the results would be: "We will be forced to cultivate the services of women with the hardly desirable trait of being willing to gestate and then give up their own children, especially if paid enough to do so. There would still be the need to find women with the capacity to dissoci

Posted on 11/16/2006 at 5:11:00 AM

 
I think Ms. Ng's article is excellent and I agree with every point, particularly with the analogy of prostitution. I see surrogacy as reproductive prostitution. Women are not supposed to be giving away their children for a price. I know that I bonded with my mother who acted as a surrogate because I have longed for her every day of my life. No one has a "right" to a child when it involves buying another woman's child. No one has the right to break that bond between mother and child to satisfy your own selfish needs. I had written this in my blog and I feel it sums it up quite nicely really. "In screening women to select the most ideal surrogates, one looks for the woman's ability to give up readily the child she is carrying. Normally, the less attached the surrogate is to the child, the more easily the arrangement is completed. This is hardly the ideal setting for a pregnancy. Surrogacy sanctions female detachment from the child in the womb, and fails to recognize that pregnancy

Posted on 11/16/2006 at 5:11:00 AM

 
Honestly, this article sounds like someone's English 102 term paper. Have you ever been a surrogate? Do you know any surrogates? Did you interview any surrogates? Your most recent source is 1990? That's not responsible researching at all. I'd be mad about what you said, but I can't because I'm too embarrassed for you for writing such baseless drivel. Hopefully, no one will actually take this one "story" and believe it.

Posted on 08/31/2006 at 5:08:00 PM

 
Shame on you, Ms. Ng! Its now 2006, and surrogacy is a wonderful gift of life, from a selfless woman to another couple. Your anti-surrogacy article only makes you look ignorant and proves you did NOT research your topic thoroughly. Journalists like you only feed into the negativity surrounding surrogacy. Its too bad you missed a wonderful oppurtunity to share the positive side of surrogacy.

Posted on 08/31/2006 at 5:08:00 AM

 
I am shocked at this article and I agree with this replies above. I am afraid the author, Ms. Ng did a very poor job of reaserching her subject. Most if her information is wrong and/or completely out dated. I can understand presenting a one sided opinion but it should be backed up with accurate facts. I am deeply offended that she compares prostitutes to Surrogates. What? It does not make any sense. Her statement the most Surrogates are poor and uneducated can not be farther from the truth. I, for instance am currently getting my degree as a Forensics Anthropologist and my family income is $85,000 a year. I dont know any surrogates who is poor and most are highly educated women who honestly became surrogates to help INFERTILE couples have children. Not to sit at home on our butts making easy money as your article implies.

Posted on 08/30/2006 at 12:08:00 PM

 
Are you serious? Did you do any research at all before you made up these lies, First off how can you compare giving life to an embryo as compared to having sex with someone? And secondly, it's not college student usually who are carries, most college students haven't had children therefore would not be a suitable Gestational Surrogate. Third, I have never met an "Intended Mothers" who was well off and just wanting someone to carry b/c they didn't want to. MOST Intended Mothers are hard working, middle class women, who have infertility problems. And as for the carrier's being poor, MOST if not all are college educated women, with families of our own, that know what it is like to long for a child. Also you are quote people who were Surrogates in the late 80's & early 90's, This is 2006, maybe try talking to some Surrogate's who have delivered. As a gestational surrogate there in no "bond" between me & the child that I carried, I love her like I would love a niece or cousi

Posted on 08/30/2006 at 12:08:00 PM

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