Toxins in the Food Chain
The Creeping Normalcy of Pollution Perception
PERCEPTION
I’ll start with an old cliché. If you throw a frog in boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put it in cold water and slowly turn up the heat, the frog won’t realize its demise and it will die. This also called creeping normalcy which has been attributed to a basic fundamental flaw in human perception. Changes in the environment, which occur at or below a certain rate, will be ignored by most people.
By the early 1960’s the use of industrial pesticides were so heavily used that an avid bird watcher named Rachel Carson wrote a book called Silent Spring that was inspired by her notice of declining bird populations. Were it not for the seasonal changes, this decline may never have been recognized. During the Vietnam War, the public became aware of the Agent Orange defoliant, and together with Carson’s book, a movement was formed that finally culminated in the creation of Environmental Protection Agency in December, 1970. The period in between was tumultuous with debates, accusations and predictions. “U Thant of the United Nations gave the planet only ten years to avert environmental disaster; the following month, he blamed the bulk of planetary catastrophe on the United States.”.(Lewis 1985 para. 8)
The 1960’s and 1970’s was a period of environmental awakening. Asbestos was linked to lung diseases and its use was banned from textiles, particularly children’s pajamas and DDT was linked to the thinning of bird egg shells. A myriad of other environmental issues entered public awareness and gave birth to “Earth Day.” It also was the beginning of the Industrial Global Migration which emptied the steel mills of Indiana and Pennsylvania, and continues to this day, to close domestic manufacturing plants as high-paid American workers who work in clean, safe environments are shed and replaced with low wage workers in developing countries where there is no safety or environmental regulation.
Toxins in the Food Chain
This chart shows the traces of Arsenic in milligrams per kilogram found in the samples. The wide range of findings in the Cabbage sample implies adaptability or perhaps indistinguishably different species.
Credit: Fred Slocombe
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Takeaways
- Creeping Normalcy means that certain things change so slowly that we accept the changes as normal.
- Taller trees survive in highly polluted soil because their roots reach deep below the toxic soil
- Vegetables have shallow roots and easily absorb environmental toxins
Did You Know?
Recent studies by the group Environment Canada discovered in samples from the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, "drugs ranging from caffeine and over-the-counter Ibuprofen to the prescription antibiotic oxytetracycline and carbamazepine, prescribed to treat epilepsy and Alzheimer's." (Moore 2006. para 3) Moore reported that pharmaceutical development is far out-pacing the capacity for water treatment facilities to filter and remove those substances.
Resources
- Moore, Dene Environment Canada study finds caffeine, prescription drugs in St. Lawrence Canada.com July 5, 2006. www.canada.com/components/print.aspx?id=f5ada, Jack (Nov. 1985) The Birth of EPA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency website (www.epa.gov/history/topics/epa/15c.htm) (March 2006) Background Information on Mercury Sources and Regulations. (Environmental Protection Agency) www.epa.gov/glnpo/bnsdocs/mercsrce/merc_srce. (July 11, 2006) Mercury: Environmental Effects: Fate and Transport and Ecological Effects of Mercury (Environmental Protection Agency) www.epa.gov/mercury/eco.htm Seattl & King County Public Health. (May 12, 2006) Toxic Hazards: Arsenic Facts www.metrokc.gov/health/tsp/arsenic.htm &. (May 22, 2006) Frequently asked questions about Arsenic. Health Studies Branch. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/Fallon/faq-arsenic., William N. An Introduction to Investment Theory, Chapter VIII; YALE School of Management. viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes, Eric R. (Nov. 27, 2000) Are we prepared for terrorism using weapons of mass destruction? Policy Analysis No. 387. The Cato Institute. www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa387.pdf Th Arsenic Crisis. (Jan 7, 1998) West Bengal and Bangladesh Arsenic Crisis Information Center: bicn.com/acic/ Mortoza, Sylvia (1998) Arsenic in the food chain. News From Bangladesh (NFB) archives. Arsenic Crisis Info Centre. bicn.com/acic/resources/infobank/nfb/2002-06-, Pandey, J. (Jan., 1994) Evaluation of Air Pollution Phototoxicity in Seasonally Dry Tropical Urban Environment Using Three Woody Perennials. New Phytologist, Vol. 126, No.1, pp. 53-61. Dickenson, N. M.; Turner, A.P.; Lepp, N.W. (1991) How Do Trees and Other Long Lived Plants Survive in Polluted Environments? Functional Ecology Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 5-11.
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